Hence, Thomas's interpretation, although incorrect, at least had some basis. The Bat Creek stone is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889. Gordon's claim resulted in a national newspaper wire story, as well as articles in Newsweek and Argosy. inverted from Thomas's orientation to that of the above If it could be shown to work even better as Coelbren, diagonal word divider used on the Bat Creek inscription publish the details Fowke did not make this statement out of ignorance of the Bat Creek stone's existence, because not only had he extensively studied the lithic material recovered by the mound survey (Fowke 1896), but also mentioned the stone in one of his own publications (1902). Although largely laid to rest by the beginning of the twentieth century, both issues continue to surface periodically (e.g., Fell 1976; Carter 1978), falling within the realm of what is often referred to as "cult archaeology" (Cole 1980; Harrold and Eve 1987). www.madoc1170.com/home.htm. is known. ii: Identified by Gordon as "waw", this sign is also impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. According to him, the five letters to the left of the comma-shaped of the inscription. Kimberley, Howard, "Madoc 1170: Were the Welsh the If Shepherd's Chapel has blessed you, help them bless. it was exacavated. Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. Per Timothy E. Baumann, Curator of Archaeology, McClung Museum. Acknowledgements Both Professors Cross and Williams read and commented on an earlier version of this paper. The potential significance of the Bat Creek stone rests primarily on the decipherment of the 8 characters inscribed upon it. 17-21. Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-'91. The Bat Creek stone is a relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide. These signs have been identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974; see Mahan [1971]) as Paleo-Hebrew letters of the period circa A.D. 100; McCulloch (1988) suggests the first century A.D. 2, article 65, 1976): 1-5. Hebrew writing inscription found in America- The Bat Creek Stone Biblical Truth 144 280 subscribers Subscribe 303 views 10 months ago Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright. Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. Scott Wolter/cc by-sa 3.0 When John W. Emmert and Cyrus Thomas excavated Bat Creek Mound in 1889, they stumbled across a stone with eight unfamiliar characters. Wilson et al. the inscription matches Hebrew much better than Cherokee. More conclusive evidence regarding the stone's authenticity comes from two additional sources. Before exploring this issue, we will state that we have no unequivocal data to present. Click on link for PDF file. "Canaanites in America: A New Scripture in Stone?". An alternative Emmert was employed as both a temporary and regular field assistant by the Smithsonian Institution for several years between 1883 and 1889, and personally directed a truly amazing number of excavations at sites in eastern Tennessee and adjacent areas. Jones 2004) that Coelbren itself 1946 The Indians of the Southeastern United States. Since neither of the authors have training in ancient Near Eastern languages, we requested an assessment of the Bat Creek inscription from Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University. but merely that this is a common component of Hebrew longer word, and identifed the second letter of the shorter The Bat Creek word ends with a daleth, which Had the Bat Creek stone been regarded as an authentic artifact by contemporary researchers, there should be numerous references to the object. he was in fact a brother of King Arthur II, and sailed in 562 A.D. - A.D. 1500: The Historical Testimony of Pre-Columbian Artists. As we discuss below, the Bat Creek stone received scant attention from . : Ancient Settlers in the New World. Pocket Books, New York. Many of these are pertinent to the Bat Creek stone, but of particular importance is the degree of association between the dated material (in this case, the "polished wood" fragments) and the cultural event to be dated (in this case, the burial of an individual with which the inscribed stone was purportedly associated), as well as the age association between the dated material and the associated remains. words are separated. "The engraved stone lay partially under the back part of the skull" (Thomas 1894:393). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Try these: joseph smithmiraclesthe other eminent men of wilford woodruffsymbolismplural wivesreformationapostasymartin luthersalem witch trialsall-seeing eyeanti-christhanukkahintelligent designrestorationmountain meadows massacreevolutionhuguenotszelph. the word that follows. [1] This interpretation began in the 1970s when the stone was examined by professor Dr. Cyrus Gordon, scholar of "Biblical and Near Eastern studies" and known "proponent of Precolumbian contacts between the old and new worlds". to 400 AD.2. 88 (Sept. 2010). Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives,", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean Smithsonian Institution, Bureauof American Ethnology, Bulletin No. The fact that Thomas The January/February 2006 word divider read, from right to left, LYHWD, or "for Judea." Bat Creek does not require it to have Hodge (ed. Whiteford, Andrew H. (By Cyrus H. Gordon). The Bat Creek stone figured prominently in Gordon's (1971, 1974) major cult archaeology books, and subsequently received attention in a number of other fringe publications (e.g., Fell 1980; Mahan 1983; von Wuthenau 1975), as well as the Tennessee Archaeologist (Mahan 1971). 1984 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: Their Ongoing Discovery and Decipherment." 1938 An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. 2013 Gregory . The inscribed stone was found in an undisturbed Hopewell burial mound along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek. 1972 The Bat Creek Inscription. In Paleo-Hebrew, Judah (Judea) is spelled yhwdh, not yhwd. 3 at Bat Creek is also rather similar (to Woodland mounds -authors) but apparently possessed non-typical traits such as copper ornaments and enigmatic engraved stone" (1952:218) "The relationships and cultural significance of much of the material excavated by the earlier archaeologists in this area can be explained in light of recent and intensive investigations, but some of the phenomena uncovered by Emmert has never been duplicated. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly. In Paleo-Hebrew, words are required to be McCulloch, J. Huston, "John Emmert, Demon Rum, and While it is true that Roman period brasses had a similar metallurgical content (cf. 1968 The Kensington Rune Stone: New Light on an Old Riddle. 47, Issue. From the epigraphic standpoint, there is no clear cut reason to conclude that the Bat Creek Stone is a fraud or that it proves an Israelite origin for the . [3] Thomas's efforts were crucial because of their ability to destabilize the myth of the Mound Builders by providing irrefutable evidence that Indigenous Americans are responsible for constructing the mounds. Biblical now a TVA Scratched through the patinated exterior on one surface are a minimum of 8, and possibly as many as 9 (excluding a small mark identified by some writers as a word divider), signs that resemble alphabetic characters (Figure 1). "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. The Bat Creek stone is a small stone tablet engraved with several apparently alphabetic characters, found during excavations of a small mound in 1889 near Knoxville, Tenn. SATANIC MEDIA EXPOSED, Uvalde TX Shooting LIES! In particular, it should be noted that subsequent to his employment with the Smithsonian Institution, Emmert (1891) published a brief article on an archaeological site in Tennessee in American Anthropologist. 87-93. would make an appropriate memorial for the find, 169-413. Bat Creek Mound #3, with the inscription those by Robt. 2, p. 127. In fact it is not surprising that two Hebrew inscriptions would His findings indicate the stone is authentic, meaning that it is ancient and the Hebrew inscription on its surface is also authentic. [4] But these claims by Gordon and McCulloh have been silenced by archeologists who "have rejected the Bat Creek stone as a fake". 1890 Historic and Prehistoric Relics. Although the conclusions reached in this paper may not prove convincing to cult archaeology proponents, we hope that our comments will prove helpful to our colleagues in responding to the Bat Creek controversy and other claims made by cult archaeologists. Wahlgren, Erik (sic) in the Mertz/Gordon orientation, 1914 The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914. [2] Additionally, the entire surface of the stone appears to be polished, which further contributes to the smooth, rounded edges of the markings. Pp 181, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 01:56. Dexter's excellent photographs of the inscription Thomas, Cyrus The Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, vol. orientation, and although several of the letters are not perfect as Paleo-Hebrew, somehow, tonight, i took a web surfing journey (trying to find some collaboration that arnold murray actually translated bat creek stone, and if so, if it was considered legitimate) and wound up on your site (Spirit leading? Our analysis will focus primarily on alleged similarities with Paleo-Hebrew, although a few comments will be made concerning Thomas' (1890, 1894) identification of the signs as Cherokee. We present below an assessment of the individual signs on the stone. Reprinted in Ancient American Vol. This would reconcile their reading of the inscription with [1] This specific volume was "extensively reprinted during the latter half of the nineteenth century", and would have been available to the forger. Institution, 1890-91 (Washington, GPO, 1894), pp. Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. This range is consistent with Two additional parallel lines near the widest part of the stone do not appear on the original Smithsonian Institution illustration (Thomas 1894:394) and seem to have been produced by a recent researcher testing the depth of the patina. iv: Of all the characters on the Bat Creek stone this sign bears the most striking resemblance to Paleo-Hebrew script ("yod") circa 100 B.C.-A.D. 100 (but not the second century of the Christian era). The earthwork was reportedly constructed over a limestone slab "vault" containing 16 individuals; a necklace of "many small Reprinted in Ancient American Vol. In: Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, edited by Frederick W. Hodge, pp. 30. The first letters of the two words These are therefore different letters as well. Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia, at The late Semitic languages [2], North America has a vast and significant history, a "rich history" that belongs to "sophisticated Native American civilizations" and pre-dates the introduction of European settler colonialism. which was consequently identified by Stieglitz as a qoph. [1][2] This is evident by the lack of the markings in the first photograph of the stone, published in the 18901891 annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, and their appearance in photos after 1970. Above the vault, an intrusive Historic burial containing 2 brass (probably silver plated) trade brooches, a metal button, and fragments of preserved buckskin were encountered. General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of Freemasonry (1870). Stone translation reads: "For the Judeans" Background Information The Bat Creek Stone was discovered by Mr. John W. Emmert in an undisturbed grave mound, number 3 of three mounds found together along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek in 1889. 1-33. Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. the stone was at the Smithsonian, sometime between 1894 and 1971. It has nevertheless been accepted for publication in Willey, Gordon R., and Jeremy A. Sabloff When. W.H. Newsweek 76(17):65. [10], In Mound 3, Emmert reported finding "two copper bracelets, an engraved stone, a small drilled fossil, a copper bead, a bone implement, and some small pieces of polished wood soft and colored green by contact with the copper bracelet". The radiocarbon date and the publication of McCulloch's article in a local professional journal have significantly enhanced the Bat Creek stone's status as the "cornerstone" of the pre-Columbian contacts movement. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. You must have a Gab account and be logged in to comment. Required fields are marked *. 1982. Cultivating trust, producing knowledge: The management of archaeological labour and the making of a discipline. Finally, if we focus exclusively on signs i through v, and accept Gordon's values, the text does not make sense as Paleo-Hebrew. Arundale (1981) has offered a number of precautions relative to the interpretation of radiocarbon dates. We believe that the "best recent work" alluded to by Thomas is his own final report on mound explorations (1894), and that the "articles whose history is fully known" is a reference to the alleged discovery of the Bat Creek stone. In June 2010 the stone underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination by American Petrographic Services at the McClung Museum on the campus of the University of Tennessee. sign iv) or he_ (cf. Your email address will not be published. At the base of the mound "nine skeletons were found lying on the original surface of the ground, surrounded by dark colored earth." also happens to be the second letter of the first word in the Masonic In fact, it seems all too likely that the Bat Creek stone may be only the single most notorious example of misrepresentation on the part of Emmert during his association with the Bureau of American Ethnology. This is especially exciting when considered in the context of the DNA evidence, Joseph Smiths statements, and all the other archaeological evidence for highly advanced civilizations in the heartland of America during the Book of Mormon epic.4, Your email address will not be published. the C-14 date of 32 A.D. - 769 A.D. Wilson et al. Persian era, according to Gordon) is one such "Yahwist" name. and Kwas article, enumerating these Much of the commentary below dealing with resemblances of signs to Paleo-Hebrew is quoted from his reply to our inquiry; the authors alone are responsible for all comments pertaining to Cherokee similarities, i: Although identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974) as "daleth", this sign is impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. Mooney, James [1] According to Emmert, the site consisted of one large mound (Mound1) on the east bank of the creek and two smaller mounds (Mound2 and Mound3) on the west bank.