Upload unlimited documents and save them online. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Lowcountry Digital History Initiative", "A Brief History of Slavery That You Didn't Learn in School", "The African Roots of the Stono Rebellion", "What the Stono Revolt Can Teach Us about History", "September 1739: Stono Rebellion in South Carolina", "Report from William Bull re: Stono Rebellion", "Margaret Washington on the impact of the Stono Rebellion", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: The Stono River Slave Rebellion", "A sign on scrubland marks one of America's largest slave uprisings. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. These anxieties and worries came to fruition in the Stono Rebellion. The settlers expected a bumper rice crop of about 35 million pounds for export, but it was hurricane season and they watched the weather closely. By late afternoon the original insurgents had covered ten miles. Bacons Rebellion was an armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. Confident in their numbers and Kongolese military training, the rebels paused in an open field near the Jacksonborough ferry in broad daylight. This rebellion was very significant because it established resentment against British domination and increased tension between colonists and the British. Thus the enslaved leaders of the rebellion knew their best chance for success would be during the time of the church services when armed white males were away from the plantations. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. By February 1739, at least sixty-nine enslaved people had escaped to St. Augustine in Florida. . Some were undoubtedly tired, and others were likely drunk on stolen liquor. Stono Rebellion, 1739. . It is also likely that the slaves viewed a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September and rumors of war between Spain and England as fortuitous to their timing of the insurrection. Why was Shays' Rebellion called the first Civil War? The Stono rebellion took place on September 9, 1739. 2. It was especially shocking when coupled with the history of a revolt in New York City in 1712, during which about twenty enslaved Africans set fire to a building, killing nine white colonists and others who came to put out the fire. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. Enslaved people dealt with their plight in several ways: The governor of the Spanish colony of Florida bordering South Carolina contributed to the Stono Rebellion by promising freedom to fugitive slaves. Pearson, Edward A. Slave South Carolina slaves continued to revolt and conspire periodically throughout the colonial and antebellum period. On Sunday, August 21, 1831, Nat Turner met in the forest on the outskirts of a Virginia plantation with six fellow slaves. Conflict with Spain, Britains imperial rival, also caused talk of war to increase in the port city. The Stono Rebellion reminded whites that although they had successfully discovered conspiracies in 1714 and 1720, not all plots could be detected. Now, well-armed, the group then marched down a main road in St. Paul's Parish, located nearly 20 miles from Charlestown (today Charleston). In the coming weeks, patrols roamed the countryside in a fierce manhunt to capture the runaways. This influx put whites in fear of slave rebellions and led them to implement stricter controls on slaves. Only one eyewitness account is extant, supplemented by several secondhand reports.5 Many English residents of South Carolina, including the anonymous author of the best account, believed that the A firefight ensued, and some of the rebels escaped. Ever fearful of an uprising among enslaved New Yorkers, the city's whites spread rumors that the fires were part of a massive slave revolt in which slaves would murder whites, burn the city, and take over the colony. Which was not an impact of the Stono Rebellion on the social structure in South Carolina during the middle of the eighteenth century? The slaves grabbed their muskets and fired a few hasty shots. Slavery is the unconditional servitude of one individual to another. Why did Shays' Rebellion start in Massachusetts? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410. What happened in this rebellion, when was it, and how significant was this rebellion for enslaved people? Bull and his four companions escaped & raised the Countrey. As the rebels proceeded southward, their ranks increased from sixty to as many as one hundred participants. Bearing signs reading "Liberty," beating drums and singing, the group headed south for Florida. Why was the Jacobite Rebellion important? Stono Rebellion. As they marched, overseers were killed and reluctant slaves were forced to join the company. On Sunday, Sept. 9, 1739, a day free of labor, about 20 slaves under the leadership of a man . The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. Leislers Rebellion Resulted in Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson leaves for England Leisler takes effective control of the Provincial government Henry Sloughter commissioned Governor by King William removes and executes Leisler Parties to the civil conflict Leislerians Anti-Leislerians Lead figures. Enslavers imposed harsh restrictions and punishments on enslaved Africans to maintain control over them. Reprinted in Early American Writing Slavery and Abolition 17, no. Let's find out. But violence ultimately controlled slaves and compelled their labor. But Stono was the catalyst. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"VKBNzGDm9V0HDLIhqibD6eRotK4WywZIswBRZFYArWE-86400-0"}; The white community set out in armed pursuit, and by dusk half the slaves were dead and half had escaped; most were eventually captured and executed. A., & Brody, D. (2009). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Stono Rebellion. Why was the Stono Rebellion so important? Several factors influenced slaves timing of the rebellion, including a suspicious visit to Charleston by a priest who contemporaries thought was employed by the Spaniards to procure a general Insurrection of the Negroes, a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September, and rumors of war between Spain and England. Why were the Revolutions of 1848 important? The following information is provided for citations. Why was the New York slave revolt important? Realizing what was happening, Bull and his outnumbered companions wheeled their horses and fled, narrowly eluding capture and sounding an alarm as they went. Bedford/St. Which of the following could be considered an immediate reaction to the Stono Rebellion and the rising fears of a slave uprising? Second, there was an increase in disciplinary codes and practices to keep control over the enslaved population. Photo by Henry of Saussure Copeland (CC BY-NC 2.0), African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p284.html, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country 17401790. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. The uprising was South Carolinas largest and bloodiest slave insurrection. Even in the eyes of their enemies, the insurgents fought bravely. The Stono Rebellion was so important because it reflected slave resistance in its most dramatic form and resulted in the tightening of slave codes. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Slave owners, on the other hand, kept a watchful eye and constantly sought ways to keep slaves obedient and accepting of their condition. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. White colonists, especially in the south, were all too aware that the enslaved people they had brought to the colonies outnumbered them eight to one. The Stono Rebellion took place near the Stono River in South Carolina. . BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. The white population was convinced enslaved people and poor white people were conspiring to burn down the city. What was the purpose of Nat Turner rebellion? Why was Marquis de Lafayette important to the American Revolution? The previous year, seventy slaves from South Carolina had traveled over water and land as they fled successfully to Florida and freedom. Smith, Mark M. "Remembering Mary, Shaping Revolt: Reconsidering the Stono Rebellion." When enslaved people were unable to rebel directly, they performed subtle acts of resistance, ranging from work slow-downs to feigning illness. The rebellion began at the Stono River in St. Paul's Parish, near Charleston, South Carolina. The extent of white violence depended on the size and density of the enslaved population. Why was the Taiping Rebellion of 1850 so devastating? What was the outcome of bacons rebellion? Why was the Spanish Revolution important in 1810? Why was the slave revolt of 1811 covered up? At about eleven oclock, Lieutenant Governor William Bull encountered the insurgents on his way to Charleston. Several factors played a role in the timing of the rebellion. While not a direct challenge to the authority of the state, the Stono Rebellion nevertheless alerted white authorities to the dangers of slave revolt, caused a good deal of angst among planters, and resulted in legislation designed to control slaves and lessen the chances of insurrection by the colonys black majority population. But Stono was the catalyst. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This influx put whites in fear of slave rebellions and led them to implement stricter controls on slaves. White firepower won the day, however. The men allowed the innkeeper at Wallace's Tavern to live because he was known to treat his enslaved people with more kindness than other enslavers. Many Southern plantation owners also began to adopt the practice of northern planters of purchasing more female enslaved labor to produce more slaves naturally within their plantation and purchase fewer imported slaves. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Henry de Saussure Copeland / Flickr / CC BY-NC 2.0. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? SLAVE INSURRECTIONS. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. We equip students and teachers to live the ideals of a free and just society. Why was the Spanish Revolution important? Why was Spanish policy an important role in the Stono Rebellion? Why was the Battle of Philippi important? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The causes of the Stono Rebellion were the changes in the treatment of the enslaved Africans in South Carolina and the Spanish governor in Florida proposing freedom to fugitive slaves from the American Colonies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Thirteen African men were burned at the stake and another seventeen black men, two white men, and two white women were hanged. Many of these Africans were from the Kongo and demonstrated their skills as soldiers due to decades of slave raiding. Many were Angolans and were led by an enslaved man named Jemmy. "Stono Rebellion Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Lisa Vox, Ph.D. is a History professor, lecturing at several universities. The Stono Rebellion. The band of rebels hit a series of businesses and homes, recruiting more enslaved people and killing the enslavers and their families. 4. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. iolent albeit failed attempt by as many as one hundred slaves to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom in Spanish-controlled Florida, South Carolinas largest and bloodiest slave insurrection, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/stono-rebellion/. Slavery was just as important to the economy in other states as well. What was so remarkable about the Stono Rebellion? The rebellion resulted in efforts to curtail the activities of slaves and free blacks. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. Which of the following best describes the influence of the changing disciplinary measures southern plantation owners used on their enslaved labor after the Stono Rebellion? Bacons Rebellion was a popular revolt in colonial Virginia in 1676 which was led by Nathaniel Bacon. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. The rebellion began at the Stono River in St. Paul 's Parish, near Charleston, South Carolina. Thornton, John K. African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion. American Historical Review 96 (October 1991): 1101-13. Explore our upcoming webinars, events and programs. American Slavery: 1619-1877. South Carolina planters generally had large plantations of several hundred acres to raise labor-intensive rice and indigo. . South Carolinians were contemplating passing the Security Act, which would have required all White men to take their firearms with them to church on Sunday, presumably in case of unrest among a group of enslaved people broke out. In our resource history is presented through a series of narratives, primary sources, and point-counterpoint debates that invites students to participate in the ongoing conversation about the American experiment. On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. It does not store any personal data. There the insurgents discriminated, sparing the innkeeper because they considered him a good man and kind to his slaves. The innkeepers neighbors were less fortunate; the rebels burned four of their houses, ransacked another, and killed all the whites they found. The rebels fought well, which, as historian John K. Thornton speculates, may have been because they had a military background in their homeland. 2 What was a result of the Stono Rebellion quizlet? What was the significance of Bacons Rebellion? Why was the Battle of Appomattox important? As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who owned and controlled these enslaved people. And the most effective way to achieve that is through investing in The Bill of Rights Institute. Slaves worked in the colony according to a task system in which they completed their work at their own pace under the watchful eye of an overseer. The wealthier ones owned hundreds of African slaves, who outnumbered white settlers in the colony. (April 27, 2023). Many were killed on the spot, others executed later, but there were rumors of rebels still at large for more than two years after the rebellion. What allowed enslaved workers to complete their assignments daily and then have time to themselves? Its 100% free. a person who, Stones in My Passway, Hellhound on My Trail, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Distance Learning Programs, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Narrative Description, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Tabular Data, https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion, Slavery in the Upper South (AR, NC, TN, VA). Other slaves joined the rebellion until the group reached about 60 members. The Stono Rebellion was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. What experience do you need to become a teacher? These uprisings and rebellions have been studied extensively by historians of abolition and social historians. Their violent treatment and disciplinary actions towards slaves. Initially, around 20 slaves seized guns and ammunition from a local store and killed storekeepers and nearby planter families. a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them. On Sunday, September 9, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. When the slave owners caught up with the rebels from the Stono River in 1739, they engaged the 60 to 100 slaves in a battle. While the farmers did not succeed in their initial goal of driving the Native Americans from Virginia, the rebellion resulted in Berkeley being recalled to England. The Negro Act severely restricted the lives of South Carolina's enslaved people. 2 (1996): 2250. Let's look at how the rebellion played out. Explore what happened after the largest uprising of enslaved people in colonial America, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Stono-rebellion, The Library of Congress - The Stono Rebellion, Public Broadcasting Service - The Stono Rebellion. Next they plundered and burnt Mr. Godfreys house, and killed him, his Daughter and Son. Woolman, John 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws. After breaking into a store that sold firearms and having recruited more people along the . Stono Rebellion road marker, South Carolina, July 2009. New York: Norton and Co., 1975. Some of these provisions had existed in law before but had not been consistently enforced. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report and several secondhand reports. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Many of these enslaved people were from the Kongo and had military experience - decades of slave raiding in their home region of Central Africa had militarized the society. Many choose to afflict great harm on one individual as an example for others instead of mass physical violence. Which European rival to the British issued a proclamation enticing slaves to run away to Florida for freedom? Wax, Darold D. "'The Great Risque We Run': The Aftermath of Slave Rebellion at Stono, South Carolina, 17391745." That no slave or slaves shall be permitted to rent or hire any house, room, store or plantation, on his or her own account, or to be used or occupied by any slave or slaves. Physical and mental restriction of slaves, Creation of a method for gradual emancipation, Assurance of better working conditions for slaves. A smallpox epidemic had raged through the area the previous year, and yellow fever was spreading. Compared with enslaved people in other regions, they had a fair amount of autonomy to determine the means by which they would labor for their masters. [CDATA[ 8. A Countryside Full of Flames: A Reconsideration of the Stono Rebellion and Slave Rebelliousness in the Early Eighteenth-Century South Carolina Lowcountry. Slavery and Abolition 17 (August 1996): 22-50. Also, it hastened the hardening of racial lines dealing with slavery, because this rebellion involved both black and white indentured servants which worried the ruling class. The emboldened slaves traveled along the road, burning six more houses and killing several of the white inhabitants, whether wealthy planters or poor farmers. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. American Historical Review 96, no. The colony also imposed a prohibitive duty on the importation of new slaves in 1741 in an effort to stem the growth of South Carolina's slave population. Fugitive slaves who made it to Florida would be granted freedom in exchange for service in the Spanish militia and converting to Catholicism. Why is the Stono Rebellion so important? The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. Explain the extent to which the Stono Rebellion changed the system of slavery in British North American colonies. The uprising was South Carolina's largest and bloodiest slave insurrection. It is also probable that many of the rebels were recently imported from the Kingdom of Kongo and that their religious beliefs (a syncretic form of Catholicism) influenced the uprising's timing. The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. They burned the houses as they went. Masters were not to work slaves on the Sabbath; they had to provide slaves with adequate food and clothing and could not murder them. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The uprising developed because of high taxes, low prices for tobacco, and anger towards Sir Berkeley because he provided special privileges that were given to those close to the Berkeley. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed. 9. As they marched several more miles, the rebels were joined by additional runaways and numbered almost one hundred. After the exchange of gunfire, fourteen slaves were dead or wounded. 6. This problem has been solved! Read about its causes, its conclusion, and its effects on South Carolina and on the institution of slavery. One of the most notable slave uprisings was the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739. Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. About forty whites and probably as many blacks were killed during the Stono insurrection. Why did the Irish Rebellion of 1798 start? Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson's store at Stono's bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside. It is also probable that the Stono rebels timed their revolt to take place before September 29, when a provision requiring all white men to carry firearms to Sunday church services was to go into effect. Will you pass the quiz? It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The Stono Rebellion marked a significant escalation of black resistance to slavery in South Carolina, shook the Plantation complex to its core, and precipitated legislation that would further reduce and challenge the humanity of chattel slaves in the Colonial and Antebellum South up until the end of the Civil War. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. Why was the Stono Rebellion so important? How. White Southerners managed to derail the other planned rebellions . Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. It stunned the white South Carolinian plantation owners. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. The governors of Spanish Florida instigated unrest in the southern colonies to force England to use resources to quell the issues. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Part of the 1740 Negro Act, passed in response to the rebellion, was a prohibition on importing enslaved Africans. For enslaved people in America, protest against the injustice of chattel slavery took many forms. What were the effects of this violent slave rebellion? Who led the group is unclear; it might have been an enslaved person named Cato or Jemmy. The events described in the primary source above were primarily caused by: Which of the following examples is a continuation of the efforts described in the excerpt? Is this how to remember black heroes? The impact of the Stono rebellion was threefold. Which of the following was the most influential factor in Jeremy and other enslaved Africans rebelling against their South Carolinian captors? Colonial Slave Rebellions: As slavery continued to grow in the American colonies, there were occasional slave rebellions. Explain the circumstances that allowed for the rise of the Stono Rebellion. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion. 27 Apr. Her work focuses on African American history, including the Civil Rights Movement. "Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People." "Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People." The original rebels may have forced some of their recruits to join the rebellion. The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Kingdom . Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. In September, before the Rebellion took place, the War of Jenkins Ear (1739-1741) broke out between England and Spain, further encouraging the governor of Florida to cause issues in the English colonies. First, there was a change and increase in the violence and disciplinary measures used to punish rebellious enslaved Africans, as a method of controlling the enslaved population through fear. They resisted the slave system by feigning illness, running away for a few days, or breaking farming implements. Great Britain and Spain were at war (the War of Jenkin's Ear), and Spain, hoping to cause problems for Britain, promised freedom and land to any British colonial enslaved people who made their way to Florida. Other slaves joined the rebellion, and some sources suggest that at this point the insurgents used drums, raise a flag or banner, and shouted Liberty! during their march southward. Encyclopedia.com. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. About thirty rebels escaped, although most of them were captured the following week. This further restricted slaves' activities, including their ability to assemble, grow their own food, earn any money, or learn . XLII. The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. This contributed to the 1740 Negro Act, which was a prohibition on importing slaves . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Encyclopedia.com. Whites perceived the Stono insurrection to have continued at least until the following Sunday, when militiamen encountered the largest group of disbanded rebels another thirty miles south. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The governors of Spanish Florida instigated unrest in the southern colonies to force England to use resources to quell the issues.